Author Archive for Martin Sejas

W. Buffett Shares His Secret Formula (Part 3)

by Martin Sejas

This third part of this series focuses on another important element of Warren Buffett’s hugely successful methodology - return on equity (ROE). Now, you may have heard the term “return on equity” before. It’s not a relatively new concept, and it is one that is commonly used in finance. However, its importance must not be taken for granted.

It is one thing to recognize the term “return on equity”, but it is another thing to know how to employ it to a tremendously favorable effect. Put differently, Warren Buffett utilises an instrument that is employed by essentially everybody in the sector, nevertheless, he applies it in a way that’s different from everyone else, and this is essentially the lesson that all investors ought to learn.

Firstly, I will address the definition of return on equity. ROE simply constitutes the earnings of a company divided by shareholder’s equity. ROE is also frequently called the “stockholder’s return on investment.” because it reveals the rate at which shareholders are bringing in income on their shares. This rate can be considered both good or bad, however this is largely dependent on the company and industry.

For example, a low ROE would be considered bad for a consulting firm because it is in an industry that doesn’t require assets to start generating an income. On the other hand, a low ROE would be acceptable and even good in the oil industry because it is an industry that requires a lot of infrastructure to start generating an income.

Nevertheless, the type of company or sector is by and large not relevant in this component of Warren Buffett’s methodology (even so, there’s an exception which is covered in Part One). The reason why ROE is of crucial importance to him is to ascertain whether or not a company experiences a consistent performance in comparison with other companies in the same sector. The key word here is consistency. Buffett will always opt for a company that has a coherent ROE over one that has an ROE that endlessly wavers. As a matter of fact companies, which hinge on the commodities such as petroleum and gas, don’t make up his favourites list and commonly have a mostly fluctuating ROE. This point is covered in Part One of this series.

An appropriate time frame for studying the ROE of a company is 5 to 10 years. Such a time frame will give you a sound idea of the historical performance of the company. One way of doing could be opening up past financial reports of a handful of companies, most of which would have their reports uploaded on their website. In addition, it would be useful to research and find the average ROE of a handful of industries to compare company performances.

The next component of this series will concentrate on another crucial component of Buffett’s methodology - debt/equity ratio, and how several investors often neglect it. Keep an eye out for it!

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Buffett’s Guide To Value Investing (Part 4)

by Martin Sejas

The fourth part of this series deals with the debt/equity ratio, which is another key component of Warren Buffett’s legendary methodology. In fact, it is a component that the man himself treats very carefully when deciding which stocks to invest in. Just like the return on equity in the previous part of this series, it is an equation that is commonly used in finance, however, Buffett is the one who makes the most and greatest use of it.

The debt/equity ratio is made up of 2 obvious parts and it’s almost certain that everyone has come across the term some time in their lives, whether it be at school or at another educational institutions. However, some people may not be too familiar with the term, which is why I will now explain it. The debt/equity ratio is equal to total liabilities being divided by shareholders’ equity.

Both components of the ratio can be easily obtained by accessing a company’s balance sheet, which is also sometimes known as a statement of financial position. This process of finding and taking these numbers is known as taking the ‘book value.’ However, if the debt and equity was being traded publicly, you are able to use the market value if you choose to. Furthermore, you will have the option of using a combination of both.

The ratio illustrates the proportion of debt and equity the company is utilising to support its assets. If a ratio is high, this corresponds to a situation where debt is mainly shoring up the company. The principal dilemma with a high ratio is that it renders earnings volatile and leaves it at the mercy of interest rates, which can be expensive.

In fact, Buffett takes the results of this ratio very seriously and it’s very educational to comprehend the reasons why. Like all investors, he wants a company to only possess a tiny quantity of debt and the reason why is that a tiny quantity of debt indicates that growth in income is being yielded from shareholders’ equity contrary to borrowed money. If a company utilises borrowed money to finance its income, this usually forms a vicious cycle of debt and repayments which is unstable and which is dependent on interest rates.

The lesson to digest from Buffett is to focus your efforts on companies that have a low ratio, or at the least a ratio which is low compared with other firms in the same industry. All that’s needed from your part is to calculate the ratios for each company, but as I pointed out previously, the necessary information is often available on company reports.

Some investors use only long-term debt instead of total liabilities in the calculation of the ratio. This could prove to be more useful and convenient as investing in stocks is for the long-term not the short-term. This is not just my own personal view, but Warren Buffett’s own way of thinking.

The next and final part of this series will focus on the remaining element of Buffett’s methodology - profit margins, an undervalued concept in finance today. Stay tuned!

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Value Investing Talk With The Master (Part 3)

by Martin Sejas

This 3rd section of this series revolves around another significant element of Warren Buffett’s hugely successful methodology - return on equity (ROE). Now, you may have heard the term “return on equity” before. It’s not a relatively new concept, and it is one that is commonly used in finance. However, its importance must not be taken for granted.

Knowing what “return on equity” is only one part of the trick, the other part is knowing how to practice it to a greatly favorable effect. Warren Buffett uses the same fraction used by basically everyone in the industry, yet, he applies it in a style that no other person does, and this is the lesson that all investors should embrace.

Firstly, I will address the definition of return on equity. ROE simply constitutes the earnings of a company divided by shareholder’s equity. ROE is also frequently called the “stockholder’s return on investment.” because it reveals the rate at which shareholders are bringing in income on their shares. This rate can be considered both good or bad, however this is largely dependent on the company and industry.

For instance, a low ROE would be regarded as bad for a consulting company since it’s in a sector that doesn’t necessitate assets to start yielding an income. Then again, a low ROE would be satisfactory and even fine in the oil refining industry because it is an sector that requires numerous pieces of infrastructure to start yielding an income.

Nevertheless, the type of company or sector is by and large not relevant in this component of Warren Buffett’s methodology (even so, there’s an exception which is covered in Part One). The reason why ROE is of crucial importance to him is to ascertain whether or not a company experiences a consistent performance in comparison with other companies in the same sector. The key word here is consistency. Buffett will always opt for a company that has a coherent ROE over one that has an ROE that endlessly wavers. As a matter of fact companies, which hinge on the commodities such as petroleum and gas, don’t make up his favourites list and commonly have a mostly fluctuating ROE. This point is covered in Part One of this series.

A sound time frame for studying the ROE of a company is 5 to 10 years. Such a period of time will give you a reasonable indication of the historical performance of the company. A good idea is to access past financial reports of chosen companies, most of which typically have their reports uploaded on their website. Additionally, it would be effective to enquiry and find the average ROE of chosen sectors to compare company performances.

The next part of this series will focus on another important element of Buffett’s methodology - debt/equity ratio, and how many investors frequently overlook it. Stay tuned!

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